謝孟媛初級文法III Unit1 現在完成式 - Retire Note

謝孟媛初級文法III Unit1 現在完成式

  

現在完成式

第31課 講義初級文法III P2

時間線

-----過去式-----現在式-----未來式----->

過去式

He was busy yesterday.

He studied yesterday.

現在式

He is busy now. (adj. busy 忙碌)

He studies every day.

未來式

He will be busy tomorrow.

He is going to study tomorrow.

現在完成式的形式=>have/has+過去分詞(p.p)

He has been busy since yesterday.

He has studied for two days.

現在完成式的否定句及疑問句

肯定句=>主詞+have/has+過去分詞(p.p)~

否定句=>主詞++have/has+not+過去分詞(p.p)~

疑問句=>Have/Has+主詞+過去分詞(p.p)~?

(例1)

肯定句=>He has heard a lot of Mr. Li.

否定句=>He has not heard a lot of Mr. Li.

疑問句=>Has he heard a lot of Mr. Li.

答句=>Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.

現在完成式的使用時機

(1)持續

(例1) I began to learn English three years ago.

I still learn it now.

=>I have learned English for three years.

=>I have learned English since three years ago

.第32課 講義初級文法III P4

表"持續"的副詞

1.for+時間長度

2.since+時間起點 (過去時間/過去式子句)

(例1) We have known each other for ten years.

We have known each other since ten years ago.

We have known each other since we were children.

(口訣：since 前面完成式，since 後面過去式)

(例2) I haven't seen you for a long time.

=It has been a long time since I last saw you. (It=>時間)

=It is a long time since I last saw you.

=Long time no see.

3.其他副詞：

all day, these days, lately, rencetly, always, this week...等

(例1) I have had a headache all day (long).

(*have a 病)

4.how long(多久)

(例1) How long has he played the piano? For two hours.

(* Yes/No 問句=>beV+S / aux +S)

(WH問句=>WH beV+S / aux +S)

how long(多久) =>問"時間"

how often(多久一次)=>問"頻率"

(例1) How long have you lived in Taipei?

=>We have lived in Taipei for ten years.

We have lived in Taipei since 1994.

(例2) How often do you go to a beauty parlor?

=>Once a week.

.第33課 講義初級文法III P6

(2)完成

表"完成"的副詞

1.already(已經)

2.just(剛才)

3.yet (尚；還)

4.其他副詞：

today, this morning, lately, recently, now...等

(例1) The train for Kaohsiung has already arrived.

(例2) I have just read that comic book.

(例3) Have you found my digital camera yet?

=>No, I haven't found it yet.

No, not yet.

just (剛才) 可用於現在完成式及過去式

VS

• just now 用於過去式，指"剛才"
• just now 用於現在式，指"此刻現在"
• just now 用於未來式，指"馬上"

(例1) Tom came in just now; he's probably upstairs.[1]

(例2) He is just now answering the call.[2]

(例3) I'll do it just now.[3]

(3)經驗

表"經驗"的副詞

1.ever, never, often 等頻率副詞

2.once, twice, ...times(次), before ...等

(例1) Have you ever visited National Palace Museum?

No, I have never visited there before.

No, I never have.

No, never .

*表"經驗"也可以用過去式

Did you ever visit National Palace Museum?

No, I never visited there before.

No, I never did.

(例2) My younger sister really likes that movie. She has watched it five times.

第34課 講義初級文法III P09

特別注意的現在完成式

(1)現在完成式及過去式

(例1) Mr. Green has gone to New York on business.

(例2) Mr. Green went to New York on business.

(2) have been to及have gone to

• have been to 指"曾經去過"...或"剛才去了..."
• have gone to 指"已經去了"...，主詞只能用第三人稱

(例1) I have just been to the station to see her off.

(例2) Have you ever been to the library?

(例3) She has gone to Europe.

(例4) Did you ever go to a basketball game?(過去式)

(例5) Have you ever been to a basketball game?(現在完成式)

(3)瞬間動作 用於現在完成式時，其後不可以加一段時間

(例1) His father has died for ten years.(X)

His father has died ten years ago.(O)

His father has been died for ten years.(O)

(例2) Amy has bought the car for one year.(X)

Amy has bought the car already.(O)

Amy has bought the car and has owned it for one year.(O)

(例3) Mr. Wang has gone to America for three days.(X)

Mr. Wang has gone to America.(O)

Mr. Wang has been in America for three days.(O)